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Alexander Manly
Alexander (or Alex) L. Manly (1866–1944) was notable as an African-American newspaper owner and editor in North Carolina in the late 19th century.〔Eric Frazier, "Lewin Manly: The injustice we never forget", ''Charlotte Observer and News'', 19 November 2006, accessed 29 July 2014〕 With his brother Frank G. Manly as co-owner, he published the ''Daily Record (Wilmington, North Carolina)'', the state's only daily African-American newspaper and possibly the nation's only black-owned daily newspaper. At the time, the port of Wilmington had 10,000 residents and was the state's largest city; its population was majority black, with a rising middle class.
In August 1898 Manly published a controversial editorial, at a time when white Democrats were inflaming racial tensions and promoting white supremacy in a bid to regain power in the state legislature. They had lost control in the 1894 and 1896 elections to fusion candidates supported by a Republican and Populist coalition; these voters also elected Republican Daniel L. Russell as governor in 1896. When a biracial fusionist candidates were elected to Wilmington's mayor and council, a secret committee of Democrats conducted the only coup d'état in United States history, overturning the city government. They also ran the Manly brothers out of town, threatening their lives; a large mob destroyed the printing press and burned down the newspaper offices; out of control, it also attacked black neighborhoods and killed an estimated 30-100 persons.
The Manly brothers were among the 2100 African Americans who permanently moved out of Wilmington after the riot, resulting in its becoming a majority-white city. The brothers lived briefly to Washington, DC, where Alex married. He and his wife moved to Philadelphia, where they had a family. (Frank Manly moved to Alabama and taught at Tuskegee University.) Alex Manly never fully recovered from his losses, having to support his family as a painter. But, he was politically active, helping found The Armstrong Association, a precursor to the National Urban League, and was a member of the African-American newspaper council.
== Early life ==
Alexander L. Manly, called "Alex," was born in 1866 in Wilmington, North Carolina, the largest city in the state by the turn of the century. His parents were of mixed race: his freedman father was a former slave and his mother had been a free woman of color before emancipation. Through his father's paternal line, Manly was a descendant of Governor Charles Manly and had other European ancestry.〔Umfleet 2009, p. 61〕 Among his siblings was a brother Frank G. Manly. After attending local schools, Alex Manly attended Hampton University, a historically black college. He later returned to Wilmington, where he taught Sunday school at Chestnut Street Presbyterian Church.〔Umfleet 2009, 61.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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